Obtaining a gambling license in Romania is a multi-step process that requires strict adherence to the country’s regulatory framework. This guide provides a detailed overview for gaming operators and investors interested in entering the Romanian gambling market.
1. Gambling regulations in Romania: legal framework and key laws
The Romanian gambling industry is regulated by the National Gambling Office (Oficiul Național pentru Jocuri de Noroc – ONJN). The primary legislation governing gambling activities includes:
- Government Emergency Ordinance (GEO) No. 77/2009: Establishes the general framework for organizing and operating gambling activities.
- GEO No. 114/2018: Introduces specific financial obligations for gambling operators.
- GEO No. 82/2023: Implements recent amendments affecting licensing and operational requirements.
2. Romania gambling license: types and requirements for operators
Romania offers different classes of licenses based on the nature of gambling activities:
- Class 1 license: For operators organizing traditional (land-based) or online gambling activities.
- Class 2 license: For service providers offering activities related to gambling, such as software developers, payment processors, and affiliates.
- Class 3 license: Specifically for the national lottery operator.
3. How to register a legal entity for a gambling business in Romania
Operators must establish a legal entity within Romania or another European Union (EU) or European Economic Area (EEA) member state. This entity will be responsible for obtaining the necessary licenses and authorizations.
4. Romania gambling license financial guarantee requirements
As of January 1, 2025, financial guarantee requirements have been significantly increased to ensure operators’ financial stability and commitment:
- Land-based gambling (excluding casinos): A guarantee of €1 million is required, regardless of gross gaming revenue (GGR).
- Land-based casinos: A guarantee of €3 million is mandatory.
- Online gambling (excluding casino activities): Operators must provide a €2 million guarantee.
- Online casino activities: A guarantee of €5 million is required.
These guarantees are intended to cover potential non-payment of taxes and ensure compliance with financial obligations.
5. Gambling license documentation: what operators need to submit in Romania
Applicants must compile a comprehensive set of documents, including but not limited to:
- Corporate documents: Certificates of incorporation, articles of association, and proof of registered office.
- Financial statements: Recent audited financial reports demonstrating financial stability.
- Technical documentation: Details of the gambling platform, software certifications, and system architecture.
- Internal policies: Responsible gambling measures, anti-money laundering (AML) policies, and data protection protocols.
6. Technical compliance for Romania gambling licenses: testing and certifications
The gambling software, including the random number generator (RNG) and return to player (RTP) metrics for each game, must be certified by a Class 2 licensed testing laboratory. This ensures compliance with Romanian technical standards.
7. How to apply for a Romania gambling license: fees and approval process
Applications are submitted to the ONJN, accompanied by the necessary documentation and payment of applicable fees:
- License issuance fee: A standard fee of €10,500 applies to all gambling license categories.
- Application analysis fee: For land-based operations, a fee of €600 is required; for online gambling, the fee is €3,500.
8. Maintaining compliance after obtaining a gambling license in Romania
Licensed operators must adhere to continuous obligations, including:
- Taxation: Payment of applicable taxes, such as the monthly 2% tax on total participation fees collected.
- Reporting: Regular submission of financial and operational reports to the ONJN.
- Renewals: Licenses are typically valid for one year and must be renewed annually, subject to compliance and payment of renewal fees.
Navigating the licensing process in Romania’s gambling sector requires meticulous preparation and strict compliance with regulatory requirements. Engaging with legal professionals experienced in Romanian gambling law can facilitate a smoother application process and help ensure ongoing compliance.